Agro-ecological characteristics and ethanobotanical significance of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.): An overview

Abstract

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is one of the oldest crops. It is native to the old world. It occurs naturally in Mediterranean Region, North Eastern Africa and South Western Asia to India. It is cultivated in India mainly for oil and dye. The purpose of the present paper is to highlight the ethanobotanical properties and importance of the safflower as an ancient wonderful crop and it also focus on the environmental conditions required for the growth of safflower in India. The seeds are also used as Birdseeds. It has been grown in the past for ornamental, medicinal and cosmetic purposes. Presently it has become important mainly due to edible oil, which is obtained from its seeds. The oil is helpful in lowering blood cholesterol. It is specifically relevant to India being the largest producer of Safflower in the world. The safflower is mainly grown in India for its valuable edible oil which has many important properties related to health. The present paper also highlights the other uses of safflower beyond edible oil. The safflower oil is valuable as it content omega-6 fatty acids which are beneficial for our body. It maintains a balance of cholesterol in the body and reduces the chances of developing atherosclerosis. The various studies have shown that moderate safflower seed consumption is good for cardiovascular health. The consumption of safflower seed is also efficient in reducing belly fat. The safflower oil also lowers high blood pressure. The medicinal properties of safflower have been discovered as early as the Middle Ages, where the juice of safflower plant is mixed with chicken stock or sweetened water to relieve constipation and respiratory problems.