Blockchain-based secured traceability system for the agriculture supply chain of ginger in Nepal: A case study

Susan Thapa 1 , Gaetano Piras 2 , Sudesh Thapa 3 , Pravesh Rimal 4 , Aradhya Thapa 5 , Kushal Adhikari 6

1   Department of Agriculture, Purbanchal University, Biratnagar, 56613, NEPAL
2   Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Viale, 14010, ITALY
3   Golden Gate International College, Sinamangal, Kathmandu, NEPAL
4   Department of Agriculture, Purbanchal University, Biratnagar, 56613, NEPAL
5   Nobel Academy, New Baneshwor, Kathmandu, NEPAL
6   Department of Agriculture, Purbanchal University, Biratnagar, 56613, NEPAL

✉ Coressponding author: See PDF.

doi https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2021.0603020

doi

Abstract

For the past few years, ginger export to India and through India to other countries has become a perennial problem for the farmers and traders. In this paper, we discuss about the impact of blockchain technology in ginger supply chain, which faces intermittent deterring of ginger worth millions in the Nepal-India border. Extensive literature reviews and execution of Delphi method in the study showed that blockchain as an emerging technology capable of transforming the food supply chain maintaining transparency in each step. In this paper, we study the potentiality of blockchain technology in transforming the ginger supply chain system through its potential benefits in Nepalese agriculture. The technology is capable of making various aspects of supply chain like tracing, monitoring and sustainability efficient. Thus, can reduce the trade-trust deficit between nations with technology.

Keywords:

Agriculture supply chain, Blockchain technology, Ginger supply chain, Simplify supply chain, Transparency in supply chain

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

ABPSD. (2014). Statistical Information on Nepalese Agriculture. Kathmandu: Agri-Business Promotion and Statistics Division, Ministry of Agriculture Development.

ABPSD. (2016). Statistical Information on Nepalese Agriculture. Kathmandu: Agri-Business Promotion and Statistics Division, Ministry of Agriculture Development

Araby, A. A., Abd Elhameed, M. M., Magdy, N. M., Abdelaal, N., Abd Allah, Y. T., Darweesh, M. S., Fahim, M. A., & Mostafa, H. (2019). Smart IoT Monitoring System for Agriculture with Predictive Analysis. 2019 8th International Conference on Modern Circuits and Systems Technologies (MOCAST), 1–4, https://10.1109/MOCAST.2019.8741794

Bastian, J., & Zentes, J. (2013). Supply chain transparency as a key prerequisite for sustainable agri-food supply chain management. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 23(5), 553–570, https://doi.org/10.1080/09593969.2013.834836

Bhargava, B., Ranchal, R., & Othmane, L. B. (2013). Secure information sharing in digital supply chains. 2013 3rd IEEE International Advance Computing Conference (IACC), 1636–1640, https://10.0.4.85/IAdCC.2013.6514473

Bhatta, G. D., Doppler, W., & KC, K. B. (2010). Urban demands for organic tomatoes in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, 5(4), 199–209, http://www.idosi.org/mejsr/mejsr5%284%29/2.pdf

Blakeney, M. (2019). Food loss and food waste: Causes and solutions. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Budhathoki, N. K., Lassa, J. A., Pun, S., & Zander, K. K. (2019). Farmers’ interest and willingness-to-pay for index-based crop insurance in the lowlands of Nepal. Land Use Policy, 85, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.03.029

CBS (2009) Agriculture Census Nepal 2001/02. National Planning Commission Secretariat, Central Bureau of Statistics, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Caridi, M., Crippa, L., Perego, A., Sianesi, A., & Tumino, A. (2010). Do virtuality and complexity affect supply chain visibility? International Journal of Production Economics, 127(2), 372–383, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2009.08.016

Dalkey, N. C., & Helmer, O. (1962). An experimental application of the Delphi method to the use of experts (Report No. RM-727-PR) (Abridged). Santa Monica, CA: The Rand Corporation.

Diederen, P., Van Meijl, H., Wolters, A., & Bijak, K. (2003). Innovation adoption in agriculture: Innovators, early adopters and laggards.

Dong, Z., Luo, F., and Liang, G., 2018. Blockchain: A secure, decentralized, trusted cyberinfrastructure solution for future energy systems. Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, 6(5), 58-967, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40565-018-0418-0

Fleming, A., Jakku, E., Lim-Camacho, L., Taylor, B., & Thorburn, P. (2018). Is big data for big farming or for everyone? Perceptions in the Australian grains industry. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 38(3), 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-018-0501-y

Foroglou, G., & Tsilidou, A.-L. (2015). Further applications of the blockchain. 12th Student Conference on Managerial Science and Technology, 1–8.

Gardas, B. B., Raut, R. D., Cheikhrouhou, N., & Narkhede, B. E. (2019). A hybrid decision support system for analyzing challenges of the agricultural supply chain. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 18, 19–32, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2018.11.007

Grimm, J. H., Hofstetter, J. S., & Sarkis, J. (2016). Exploring sub-suppliers’ compliance with corporate sustainability standards. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 1971–1984, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.11.036

Hammerwich T. 5 Potential Use Cases for Blockchain in Agriculture. https://futureofag.com/5-potential-use-cases-for-blockchain-in-agriculture-c88d4d2207e8, 2018

Henson, S., & Loader, R. (2001). Barriers to agricultural exports from developing countries: The role of sanitary and phytosanitary requirements. World Development, 29(1), 85–102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.11.036

Kosba, A., Miller, A., Shi, E., Wen, Z., & Papamanthou, C. (2016). Hawk: The blockchain model of cryptography and privacy-preserving smart contracts. 2016 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP), 839–858.

Kshetri, N. (2017). Can blockchain strengthen the internet of things? IT Professional, 19(4), 68–72, https://10.1109/MITP.2017.3051335

Kshetri, N. (2018). 1 Blockchain’s roles in meeting key supply chain management objectives. International Journal of Information Management, 39, 80–89, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2017.12.005

Kumar, S., Teichman, S., & Timpernagel, T. (2012). A green supply chain is a requirement for profitability. International Journal of Production Research, 50(5), 1278–1296. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2011.571924

Leng, K., Bi, Y., Jing, L., Fu, H.-C., & Van Nieuwenhuyse, I. (2018). Research on agricultural supply chain system with double chain architecture based on blockchain technology. Future Generation Computer Systems, 86, 641–649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2018.04.061

Linstone, H. A., & Turoff, M. (1975). The delphi method. Addison-Wesley Reading, MA.

Lipinski, B., Hanson, C., Lomax, J., Kitinoja, L., Waite, R., & Searchinger, T. (2013). Reducing food loss and waste. World Resources Institute Working Paper, 1, 1–40.

Miller, R. (2018). Walmart is betting on the blockchain to improve food safety. URL: Https://Techcrunch. Com/2018/09/24/Walmart-Is-Betting-on-the-Blockchain-Toimprove-Food-Safety.

MoF (2015). Economic Survey 2015-16. Kathmandu: Ministry of Finance, Government of Nepal.

MoF (2019). Economic Survey 2018-19. Kathmandu: Ministry of Finance, Government of Nepal.

Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Retrieved from Bitcoin. https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf

Pokhrel, D. M., & Pant, K. P. (2009). Perspectives of organic agriculture and policy concerns in Nepal. Journal of Agriculture and Environment, 10, 103–115. https://doi.org/10.3126/aej.v10i0.2135

Rana, P., & Karmacharya, B. K. (2014). A connectivity-driven development strategy for Nepal: From a landlocked to a land-linked state. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2494185

Raut, N., Sitaula, B. K., Vatn, A., & Paudel, G. S. (2011). Determinants of adoption and extent of agricultural intensification in the central mid-hills of Nepal. Journal of Sustainable Development, 4(4), 47-60.

Samarth-NMDP. (2014). Opportunities for Nepalese Ginger and Derivative Products in Japan, Dubai, and the Netherlands. Kathmandu: Samarth-Nepal Market Development Programme.

Sharma, B. P. (2009). Present Status of Ginger: Strategies for Improving Income and Employment in Palpa. Pyuthan and Ilam.

Sharma, R., Kamble, S. S., & Gunasekaran, A. (2018). Big GIS analytics framework for agriculture supply chains: A literature review identifying the current trends and future perspectives. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 155, 103–120, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2018.10.001

Shetty, N. S. (1968). Agricultural innovations: Leaders and laggards. Economic and Political Weekly, 1273–1282.

Shrestha, P., Koirala, P., & Tamrakar, A. S. (2010). Knowledge, practice and use of pesticides among commercial vegetable growers of Dhading district, Nepal. Journal of Agriculture and Environment, 11, 95–100, https://doi.org/10.3126/aej.v11i0.3656

Skulmoski, G. J., Hartman, F. T., & Krahn, J. (2007). The Delphi method for graduate research. Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, 6(1), 1–21.

Tachizawa, E. M., & Wong, C. Y. (2014). Towards a theory of multi-tier sustainable supply chains: A systematic literature review. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, https://doi.org/10.1108/SCM-02-2014-0070

Thapa, S., Piras, G., Thapa, S., Goswami, A., Bhandari, P., & Dahal, B. (2021). Study on farmers’ Pest management strategy, knowledge on pesticide safety and practice of pesticide use at Bhaktapur district, Nepal. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 7(1), 1916168, https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2021.1916168

Tian, F. (2017). A supply chain traceability system for food safety based on HACCP, blockchain & Internet of things. International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management, 1–6, https://10.1109/ICSSSM.2017.7996119

Wognum, P. N., Bremmers, H., Trienekens, J. H., van der Vorst, J. G., & Bloemhof, J. M. (2011). Systems for sustainability and transparency of food supply chains–Current status and challenges. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 25(1), 65–76, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2010.06.001

Published

2021-09-25

How to Cite

Thapa, S., Piras, G., Thapa, S., Rimal, P., Thapa, A., & Adhikari, K. (2021). Blockchain-based secured traceability system for the agriculture supply chain of ginger in Nepal: A case study . Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 6(3), 391-396. https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2021.0603020