A review of microplastics pollution and its remediation methods: Current scenario and future aspects
https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2022.0702019
Abstract
Global plastic production and its use have been omnipresent since the early 19th century. The disposal of plastics undergoes breakdown due to various physicochemical and biological factors that trigger the formation of microplastics (MPs). Due to their hydrophobic properties, structural stability, and functional groups, it is difficult to degrade in natural habitat. The presence of their large surface area also helps to resist the decay of MPs. This review summarizes the recent trends and development of MPs degradation. The method includes biodegradation, various types of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as photocatalytic oxidation, photo-degradation, and electrochemical oxidation, and also discussed the potential health risk factors of MPs and their degradation products. Most of the methods achieved nearly satisfactory performance that degraded the MPs into CO2, H20, and also secondary microplastic particles with persistent organic pollutants (POPs) under laboratory conditions, which have been studied by various researchers. It is also evident that the degradation of MPs has many challenges, therefore finding a sustainable approach is an urgent need to deal with the issue of global microplastic pollution. Some suggestions have been highlighted such as toxicity detection of remaining MPs particles after degradation, and analysis of secondary metabolites of microbes secreted during bioremediation that may have a negative impact on the environment. The selective and specific implementation of microbes and photo-catalyst that degrade MPs into useful and nontoxic components.
Keywords:
Advanced oxidation process (AOPs), Bioremediation, Microplastics (MPs), Useful products, WeatheringDownloads
References
Ainali, N. M., Bikiaris, D. N & Markopoulos, D. A (2021). Aging effects on low- and high-density polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene under UV irradiation. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 105207.
Alomar, Carme & Deudero, Salud. (2017). Evidence of microplastic ingestion in the shark Galeus melastomus Rafinesque, 1810 in the continental shelf off the western Mediterranean Sea. Environmental Pollution, 223-229.
Andrady & A. L. (2017). The plastic in microplastics: a review. Marine Pollution Bulletin,119 (1), 12e22.
Anglada., A, Ortiz., D,Urtiaga & Ortiz, Inmaculada. (2010). Electrochemical oxidation of landfill leachates at pilot scale: Evaluation of energy needs. Water science and Technology: a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research, 61, 2211-7, https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.130
Ariza-Tarazona., M. C. Villarreal & Chiu, J. F. (2020). Microplastic pollution reduction by a carbon and nitrogen-doped TiO2: effect of pH and temperature in the photocatalytic degradation process. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 395, 122632.
Auta, H. S., Emenike, C. U & Fauziah, S. H. (2017). Screening of Bacillus strains isolated from mangrove ecosystems in Peninsular Malaysia for microplastic degradation. Environmental Pollution, 231, 1552–1559.
Bampos, G., Petala, A., & Frontistis Z (2021). Recent Trends in Pharmaceuticals Removal from Water Using Electrochemical Oxidation Processes. Environments, 021; 8(8), 85. https://doi.org/10.3390/]environments8080085
Chen, J., Wan, J., Gong, Y., Xu, K., Zhang, H., Chen, L., Liu, J & Liu, C (2020). Effective electro-Fenton-like process for phenol degradation on cerium oxide hollow spheres encapsulated in porous carbon cathode derived from skimmed cotton. Chemosphere, 128661.
Chunzhao, Chen & Ling (2019). Organotin release from polyvinyl chloride microplastics and concurrent photo degradation in water: impacts from salinity, dissolved organic matter, and light exposure. Environmental Science and Technology, 53(18), 10741–10752.
Du, H., Xie, Y. & Wang, J. (2021). Microplastic degradation methods and corresponding degradation mechanism: research status and future perspectives. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 418.
Ganesh, K. A., Anjana, K & Hinduja, M (2019). Review on plastic wastes in marine environment biodegradation and biotechnological solutions, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 150, 110733.
Gaylarde, C. C., Neto, J & da Fonseca EM., (2020). Nanoplastics in aquatic systems - are they more hazardous than microplastics? Environmental Pollution, 272, 115950.
Gewert, B., Plassmann, M. M. & Macleod, M. (2015). Pathways for degradation of plastic polymers floating in the marine environment. Environ Sci Process Impacts 17(9).
Geyer, R., Jambeck, J. R., & Law, K. L. (2017). Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made. Science Advances, 3.
Giacomucci, L., Raddadi, N & Soccio, M. (2020). Biodegradation of polyvinyl chloride plastic films by enriched anaerobic marine consortia. Marine Environment Research, 158, 104949.
Gu, Y., Zhao, J., & Johnson, J. A. (2020). Polymer networks: from plastics and gels to porous frameworks. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 59(13), 5022–5049.
Hao, Du., Yuqun, Xie & Jun, Wang (2021). Microplastic degradation methods and corresponding degradation mechanism: Research status and future perspectives. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 418, 2021,126377.
Hu, K., Tian, W & Yang, Y (2021). Microplastics remediation in aqueous systems: strategies and technologies. Water Research, 1, 117144.
Jiang, R., Lu, G., Yan, Z., Liu, J., Wu, D & Wang, Y. (2020). Microplastic degradation by hydroxy-rich bismuth oxychloride. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 405, 124247.
Kang, J., Zhou, L., Duan, X., Sun, H., Ao, Z. & Wang, S. (2019). Degradation of cosmetic microplastics via functionalized carbon nano springs. Matter 1(3), 745–758.
Khoironi, A., Anggoro, S., & Udarno, S. S. (2019). Evaluation of the interaction among microalgae Spirulina sp, plastics polyethylene terephthalate and polypropylene in freshwater environment. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 20(6), 161–173.
Lambert, S., Sinclair, C & Boxall, A (2014). Occurrence, degradation, and effect of polymer-based materials in the environment. Rev. Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 227, 1–53.
Lebreton., B, Slat., F., Ferrari., B., Sainte, Rose., J., Aitken., R., Marthouse., S., Hajbane., S., Cunsolo., A., Schwarz., A., Levivier., K., Noble., Debeljak., H., Aral., R., Schoeneich Argent., R., Bramini & Reisser, J. (2018). Evidence that the great pacific garbage patch is rapidly accumulating plastic. Scientific Reports, 8, 4666.
Lenz, R., Enders, K. & Nielsen, T. G. (2016). Microplastic exposure studies should be environmentally realistic. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113(29), E4121eE4122.
Luo, J., Chen, W., Song, H., Liu, J. (2020). Fabrication of hierarchical layer-by-layer membrane as the photocatalytic degradation of foulants and effective mitigation of membrane fouling for wastewater treatment. Science of Total Environment, 699, 134398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134398
Miao, F., Liu, Y., Gao, M., Yu, X., Xiao, P., Wang, M., Wang, S & Wang, X. (2020). Degradation of polyvinyl chloride microplastics via an electro-Fenton - like system with a TiO2/graphite cathode. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 399, 123023.
Moreira, F. C., Soler, J., Fonseca, A., Saraiva, I., Boaventura, R. A., Brillas, E., & Vilar, V. J. (2016). Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes for sanitary landfill leachate remediation: Evaluation of operational variables. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 182, 161-171.
Nabi, I., Bacha, A.-U.-R., Li, K., Cheng, H., Wang, T., Liu, Y., Ajmal, S., Yang, Y., Feng, Y., & Zhang, L. (2020). Complete photocatalytic mineralization of microplastic on TiO2 nanoparticle film. Iscience 23 (7), 101326.
Nakata, K. & Fujishima, A. (2012). TiO2 Photocatalysis: Design and Applications. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews, 13, 3, 169-189.
Park, S. Y., Kim, C. G (2019). Biodegradation of micro-polyethylene particles by bacterial colonization of a mixed microbial consortium isolated from a landfill site. Chemosphere, 222, 527–533.
Pirsaheb, Meghdad., Hossini, Hooshyar & Makhdoumi, Pouran (2020). Review of microplastic occurrence and toxicological effects in marine environment: Experimental evidence of inflammation. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 142, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2020.05.050
Roccuzzo, S., Beckerman, A. P., & Trögl, J. (2021). New perspectives on the bioremediation of endocrine disrupting compounds from wastewater using algae-, bacteria-and fungi-based technologies. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 18(1), 89-106.
Ramachandran, V. K., Gopal, R. K. & Sanniyasi, E. (2017). Biodegradation of polyethylene by green photosynthetic microalgae. Journal of Bioremediation & Biodegradation, 8 (1).
Sarmah, P., & Rout, J. (2018). Efficient biodegradation of low-density polyethylene by cyanobacteria isolated from submerged polyethylene surface in domestic sewage water. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25.
Singh, L. & Wahid, Z. A. (2015). Methods for enhancing bio hydrogen production from biological process: a review. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 21, 70–80.
Sintim, H. Y., Bandopadhyay, S., & English, M. E. (2021). Four years of continuous use of soil-biodegradable plastic mulch: impact on soil and groundwater quality. Geoderma, 381, 114665.
Tofa, T. S., Kunjali, K. L., Paul, S. & Dutta, J. (2019a). Visible light photocatalytic degradation of microplastic residues with zinc oxide nanorods. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 17 (3), 1341–1346.
Uheida, A., Mejía, H.G., Abdel-Rehim, M., Hamd, W., & Dutta, J. (2020). Visible light photocatalytic degradation of polypropylene microplastics in a continuous water flow system. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 406, 124299.
Wang, Chunhui., Jian, Zhao & Baoshan, Xing (2021a). Environmental source, fate, and toxicity of microplastics. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 407.
Wang, X., Zheng, H & Zhao, J (2020b). Photodegradation elevated the toxicity of polystyrene microplastics to grouper (Epinephelus moara) through disrupting hepatic lipid homeostasis. Environmental Science and Technology, 54(10), 6202–6212.
Yang, N., Zhang, H., Chen, M., Shao, L. M. & He, P. J. (2012). Greenhouse gas emissions from MSW incineration in China: impacts of waste characteristics and energy recovery. Waste Management, 32, 2552–2560.
Zhang, F., Zhao, Y., Wang, D., Yan, M., Zhang, J., Zhang, P., Ding, T., Chen, L & Chen, C. (2020a). Current technologies for plastic waste treatment: a review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 124523.
Zhang, J., Gao, D., Li, Q., Zhao, Y., Li, L., Lin, H., Bi, Q. & Zhao, Y. (2020b). Biodegradation of polyethylene microplastic particles by the fungus Aspergillus flavus from the guts of wax moth Galleria mellonella. Science of the Total Environment, 704, 135931
Zhu, L., Zhao, S. & Bittar, T. B. (2019). Photochemical dissolution of buoyant microplastics to dissolved organic carbon: Rates and microbial impacts. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 383, 121065.
Zurier, H. S. & Goddard, J. M. (2021). Biodegradation of microplastics in food and agriculture. Current Opinion in Food Science, 37, 37–44.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2022 Agriculture and Environmental Science Academy
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
