Fungal diversity inhabited with trees and their conservation in Bukki Top in upper great Himalaya

Rajeev Shankhwar; Abhishek Yadav; Vijay Vardhan Pandey

doi:10.26832/24566632.2021.0603019

Rajeev Shankhwar ¹ , Abhishek Yadav ² , Vijay Vardhan Pandey ³

¹ Division of Genetics & Tree Improvement, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun 248195, Uttarakhand, INDIA
² Division of Genetics & Tree Improvement, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun 248195, Uttarakhand, INDIA
³ Forest Pathology Discipline, Forest Protection Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun 248006, Uttarakhand, INDIA

✉ Coressponding author: See PDF.

doi https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2021.0603019

Abstract

This investigation was aimed to explore the biodiversity of upper great Himalayas range with special reference to the flora and its conservation. The natural landscape and high altitude meadows (Bugyal) enhanced the beauty of Uttarakhand. Bukki village and Bukki top one of the gorgeous region locate in Uttarkashi district of Uttrakhand state, fall on the opposite side of the national highway NH-108 and connect the Gangotri Glacier via Harsil. The present article is the description of the flora of the Bukki region and, we tried to mainly focus on different fungus species and disease on trees, observed during the trek. Some important fungus species observed are Daldinia concentric, Trichaptum biforme, Fomes fomentarius and Daedalea quercina. We also describe each fungus attributes and habitat distribution description.

Keywords:

Landscape, Bukki top, Flora diversity, Fungus

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Asgher, M., Bhatti, H. N., Ashraf, M. & Legge, R. L. (2008). Recent developments in biodegradation of industrial pollutants by white rot fungi and their enzyme. system. Biodegradation, 19 (6), 771-83, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10532-008-9185-3

Baldrian, P. (2004). Purification and characterization of laccase from the white-rot fungus Daedalea quercina and decolorization of synthetic dyes by the enzyme. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 63(5), 560-563, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-003-1434-0

Brown, K. L. (2000). Control of bacterial spores. British Medical Bulletin, 56(1), 158-171.

Butin, H. & Lonsdale, D. (1995). Tree Diseases and Disorders: Causes, Biology, and Control in Forest and Amenity Trees. Oxford University Press. pp. 167–8. ISBN 978-0-19-854932-1.

First Nature, 2020. “Daldinia concentrica (Bolton) Ces. & De Not. - King Alfred's Cakes". Retrieved 05 July 2021. https://www.first-nature.com/fungi/daldinia-concentrica.php

Gairola, S., Rawal, R. S. & Dhar, U. (2009). Patterns of litterfall and return of nutrients across anthropogenic disturbance gradients in three subalpine forests of west Himalaya, India. Journal of Forest Research, 14(2), 73-80, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10310-008-0104-6

Gairola, S., Rawal, R. S. & Todaria, N. P. (2015). Effect of anthropogenic disturbance on vegetation characteristics of sub-alpine forests in and around Valley of Flowers National Park, a world heritage site of India, Tropical Ecology, 56(3), 357-365.

Gaur, R. D. (1982). Dynamics of vegetation of Garhwal Himalaya. In: Vegetational Wealth of the Himalayas (Paliwal, G.S. ed.), Puja Publishers, Delhi.

Gilbertson, R. L. (1980). Wood-rotting fungi of North America. Mycologia, 72(1), 1-49, https://doi.org/10.2307/3759417

Kelt, D. A. & Valone, T. J. (1995). Effects of grazing in the abundance and diversity of annual plants in Chinuahaun desert scrub habitat. Oecologia, 103(2), 191-195,. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00329079

Kibby, G. (2003). Mushrooms and Toadstools of Britain and Northern Europe. Hamlyn. p. 213. ISBN 978-0-7537-1865-0.

Kouki, J. (1994). Biodiversity in Fennoscandian boreal forests: natural variation and its management, Annales Zoologici Fennici, 31: 3-4.

Mathema P. 1991. Focus on oak forest. Banko Janakari 3(1): 13-6

Metz, J. J. (1997). Vegetation dynamics of several little disturbed temperate forests in east central Nepal. Mountain Research and Development, 17(4), 333-351, https://doi.org/10.2307/3674023

Overholts, L. O. (1939). Geographical distribution of some American Polyporaceae. Mycologia, 13(6), 629-652, https://doi.org/10.2307/3754336

Phartyal, S. S., Thapliyal, R. C., Nayal, J. S. & Rawat, M. M. S. (2002). Late maturation changes in sal (Shorea robusta) seed and their evaluation as indices for proper timing of seed collection. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 14(2),

-197, https://www.jstor.org/stable/43594452

Phillips, R. (1981). Mushrooms and Other Fungi of Great Britain and Europe. London: Pan Books. p. 262. ISBN 0-330-26441-9

Phillips, R. (2010). Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books. p. 315. ISBN 978-1-55407-651-2.

Rawal, R. S., Gairola, S. & Dhar, U. (2012). Effects of disturbance intensities on vegetation patterns in oak forests of Kumaun, West Himalaya. Journal of Mountain Science, 9: 157-165.

Rawat, D. S., Tiwari, J. K., Tiwari, P., Nautiyal, M., Praveen, M., & Singh, N. (2018). Tree Species Richness, Dominance and Regeneration Status in Western Ramganga Valley, Uttarakhand Himalaya, India. Indian Forester, 144(7), 595-603.

Rolfe, F. (1974). The Romance of the Fungus World: an Account of Fungus Life in its Numerous Guises, both Real and Legendary. New York: Dover Publications. p. 158. ISBN 0-486-23105-4.

Sayer, J. A. & Whitmore, T. C. (1991). Tropical moist forest: Destruction and species extinction. Biological Conservation, 55: 199-213, https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(91)90056-F

Schmidt, O. (2006). Wood and Tree Fungi: Biology, Damage, Protection, and Use. Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-32138-5.

Schwarze., Francis, W. M. R., Engels., Julia., Mattheck. & Claus. (2000). Fungal Strategies of Wood Decay in Trees. Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-67205-0.

Shrestha, R. K. & Paudel, K. C. (1996). Oak forest under threat: An urgent concern for the mountain environment. In: Jha P.K., Ghimire, G.P.S.; Karmacharya, S.B.; Baral, S.R. and Lacoul, P. (eds.), Environment and biodiversity: In the context of South Asia, Kathmandu: ECOS p 114-119.

Stamets, P. (2005). Mycelium Running. Ten Speed Press. ISBN 978-1-58008-579-3.

Sterry, P. & Hughes, B. (2009). Complete Guide to British Mushrooms & Toadstools. HarperCollins. p. 256. ISBN 978-0-00-723224-6.

URL-1: https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/40751-bhukki-uttarakhand.html

URL-2:- https://fsi.nic.in/isfr19/vol1/chapter2.pdf

URL-3:- https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/)

URL-4:- https://step.esa.int/main/snap-supported-plugins/sen2cor/)

Young, K. R. (1994). Roads and the Environmental Degradation of Tropical

Montane Forests. Conservation Biology, 8(4), 972-976, https://www.jstor.org/stable/2386567