Effects of substituting plant-based protein sources for fish meal in the diet of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2023.080309
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional adequacy and suitability of rice polish and mustard oil cake as protein sources in the diet of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). To assess the growth performance and feed utilization of Nile Tilapia, three diets containing rice polish (0, 8, and 16%) and mustard oil cake (8, 16, and 24%) were formulated and fed to the fish over a period of 60 days. According to the findings, the growth performance tended to decline as the levels of rice polish and mustard oil cake increased. The control diet (30% Fish meal) resulted in the highest weight gain (373.79±49.78%), whereas the diet (20% Fish meal) resulted in the least weight gain (341.24±27.23%). The specific growth rate (SGR) followed the same pattern, and there were no statistically significant differences in SGR between diets (p>0.05). At the end of this trial, the feed intake (FI) of the various diets ranged between 32.37 g and 37.78 g per fish. Although feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were not significantly different among diets (p>0.05), feed intake decreased as the incorporation of rice polish increased.
Keywords:
Fish meal, Growth performance, O. niloticus, Plant protein sources, Protein efficiency ratioDownloads
References
AOAC (2000). Official methods of analysis, 17th edition, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington VA, USA. 238P.
Alencar, M.C., & Alvarenger, C.B.B.D. (1991). Rice bran-1 Chemical composition and its potential as food. Arquivos de Biologia Technologia, 34,95-108.
Belal, I.E.H. (1999). Replacing dietary corn with barley seeds in Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.) feed. Aquaculture Research, 30, 265-269.
Coyle, S. D., Mengel, G. J., Tidwell, J. H., & Webster, C.D. (2004). Evaluation of growth, feed utilization, and economics of hybrid Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus x Oreochromis aureus, fed diets containing different protein sources in combination with distillers dried grains with solubles. Aquaculture Research, 25, 365-370.
Davies, S. J., McConnell, S., & Bateson, R. I. (1990). Potential of rapeseed meal as an alternative protein source in complete diets for Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Aquaculture, 87, 145-154.
El-Sayed, A. F. M. (2004). Protein nutrition of farmed Tilapia: Searching for unconventional sources. In: ‘New dimensions on farmed Tilapia,’ Proc. of the 6th international symposium on Tilapia in aquaculture 12–16 September 2004, edited by R.
FAO (2010. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2010. Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, FAO, Rome. 197P.
Gatlin, D.M., Barrows, F.T., Brown, P., Dabrowski, K., Gaylord, T.G., Hardy, R.W., Herman, E., Hu, G., Krogdahl, Å., Nelson, R., Overturf, K., Rust, M., Sealey, W., Skonberg, D., J Souza, E., Stone, D., Wilson, R., & Wurtele, E. (2007).
Expanding the utilization of sustainable plant products in aqua feeds: a review. Aquaculture Research, 3(6), 551-579, http://dx.doi. org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2007.01704. x
Kaushik, S., & Troell, M. (2010). Taking the fish-in fishout ratio a step further. Aquaculture Europe, vol. 35, pp. 15-17.
Keenleyside, M. H. A. (1991). Cichlid Fishes: Behaviour, Ecology and Evolution. Chapman and Hall, New York. 378P.
Koumi, A. R., Atse, B. C., & Kouame, L. P. (2009). Utilization of soya protein as an alternative protein source in Oreochromis niloticus diet: Growth performance, feed utilization, proximate composition and organoleptic characteristics. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(1), 091-097.
Luquet, P. (1991). Tilapia, Oreochromis sp. In: Handbook of Nutrient Requirements of Finfish (ed. by R.P. Wilson). Boca Raton, FL, USA. pp.169-180.
Mahboob, S. (2014). Replacing fish meal with a blend of alternative plant proteins and its effect on the growth performance of Catla catla and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 46, 747-752.
Mosse, J. (1990). Nitrogen to protein conversion factor for ten cereals and six legumes or oilseeds. A reappraisal of its definition and determination. Variation according to species and to seed proteic content. Journal of Agriculture Food and Chemistry, 38, 8-24.
National Research Council (NRC) (1993). Nutrient requirements of fish. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.128p.
Naylor, R.L., Hardy, R.W., Bureau, D.P., Chiu, A., Elliot, M., Farrell, A.P., Forster, I., Gatlin, D.M., Goldburg, R., Hua, K., & Nichols, P. D. (2009). Feeding aquaculture in an era of finite resources. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106(36), 15103-15110, http://dx.doi. org/10.1073/pnas.0905235106
Ng, W. K., & Wee, K. L. (1989). The nutritive value of cassava leaf meal in pelleted feed for Nile Tilapia. Aquaculture, 83, 45-58.
Nyirenda, J., Mwabumba, M., Kaunda, E., & Sales, J. (2000). Effect of Substituting Animal Protein Sources with Soybean Meal in Diets of Oreochromis karongae (Trewavas, 1941). Naga, The ICLARM Quarterly, 23(4), 13-15.
Ofojekwu, P.C., Onuoha, P.C., & Ayuba, V.O. (2003). Substitute of cottonseed cake with palm kernel meal in diets for Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 18(1), 59-63.
Radhakrishnan, S., Bhavan, P.S., Seenivasan, C., & Muralissankar, T. (2016). Impact of fishmeal replacement with Arthrospira platensis on growth performance, body composition and digestive enzyme activities of the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Aquaculture Research, 3, 35-44.
Ree, W. R. (1953). Thermistors for depth thermometry. Journal of American Water Works Assessment, 42, 259-266.
Saunders, R. M. (1990). The properties of rice bran as a foodstuff. Cereal Foods World, 35, 632-636.
Siddique, M. A. M. and Aktar, M. (2011). Changes of Nutritional Value of Three Marine Dry Fishes (Johnius dussumieri, Harpodon nehereus and Lepturacanthus savala) during Storage. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2(10), 1082-1087.
Siddique, M.A.M., Mojumder, P., & Zamal, H. (2012). Proximate composition of three commercially available marine dry fishes (Harpodon nehereus, Johnius dussumieri and Lepturacanthus savala). American Journal of Food Technology, 7(7), 429-436. Stickney, R.R. (1986). Tilapia. In: Culture of Nonsalmonid Freshwater Fishes (ed. by R.R. Stickney). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA. pp.57-72.
Tacon, A. G. J., & Metian, M. (2009). Fishing for feed or fishing for food: increasing global competition for small pelagic forage fish. Ambio, 38(6), 294-302, http://dx.doi.org/10.1579/08-A-574.1
Tacon, A. G. J., Hasan, M. R., & Subasinghe, R. P. (2006). Use of fishery resources as feed inputs for aquaculture development: trends and policy implications.
FAO Fisheries Circular No. 1018.99. Rome, Italy: FAO
Vechklang, K., Boonanuntanasarn, S., Ponchunchoovong, S., Pirarat, N., & Wanapu, C. (2011). The potential for rice wine residual as an alternative protein source in a practical diet for Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at the juvenile stage. Aquaculture Nutrition, 17, 685-694.
Winkler, L. W. (1988). The determination of Dissolved Oxygen in water. Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft, 21, 2843.
Zamal, H., Barua, P., & Uddin, B. (2009). Ipil ipil leaf meal as supplements to soybean and fish meal. International Aqua Feed Magazine, 12(2), 36-42.
Zamal, H., Barua, P., Uddin, B., & Islam, K. S. (2008). Application of ipil-ipil leaf meal as feed Ingredient for monosex Tilapia fry (Oreochromis niloticus) in terms of growth and economics. Aquaculture Asia magazine, April-June, 31-33.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2023 Agriculture and Environmental Science Academy
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
