Woody plant diversity and carbon sequestration in fruit agroforestry systems in the Guinean high savannah zone of Adamawa, Cameroon
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2025.1004011Keywords:
Agrosystem, Carbon stock, Climate change, Floristic diversity, Sequestration potentialAbstract
Fruit agroforestry systems are important not only for improving human living conditions but also for natural resource management. The objective of this study was to assess the woody plant diversity and carbon stocks of fruit agroforestry systems in the Adamawa region. The methodological approach was based on floristic inventories. For this, plots measuring 50 metres long by 20 metres wide were explored. A total of 250 plots were set up, at a rate of 50 plots per division. Dendrometric parameters such as diameter at breast height, crown diameter, and tree height were measured. Carbon stocks were estimated using allometric equations. The study found that a total of 2986 individuals, grouped into 17 species, 14 genera, and 11 families, were recorded. The density of fruit trees varies from 60.8 stems/ha in the Faro-et-Deo division to 227 stems/ha in the Vina division. Fruit agrosystems show low diversity overall, but with higher diversity in Mayo-Banyo (H’ = 0.81 bits). M. indica (IVIE=163.5%), T. cacao (IVIE=49.61%) and P. americana (IVIE=48.71%) are the most important species. The most important families are Anacardiaceae (FIVI=160.88%), Rutaceae (FIVI=68.43%) and Lauraceae (FIVI=48.43%). The vegetation stands are distributed in an L-shape and bell-shaped pattern. The carbon sequestration potential is 209.13±114.35 tCO2eq/ha and the economic value is 2075043.42 CFA francs. Thus, fruit agrosystems are not very diverse but contribute to carbon storage in the fight against climate change. It would be necessary to encourage the establishment of fruit agrosystems to resolve environmental problems in Cameroon.
Downloads
References
Assanvo, B. J., Niamké, M. A., Bahi, P. L. E., Coxam, V., Coulibaly, S. K. & Koffi, M. M. (2022). Physicochemical parameters and nutritional composition of the pulp of four varieties of papaya (Carica papaya) sold on the market in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. American Journal of Innovative Research and Applied Sciences, 15 (6), 247-265.
Boukeng, D. J. E., Avana, T. M. L., Zapfack, L., Desrochers, A., Dzo, M. I. G., Louis-Banoho, K.P-R., & Khasa, D. (2023). Carbon stocks in agroforestry systems in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Cameroon, Central Africa. Biotechnology, Agronomy, Society and Environment, 27(1), 19-30. https://doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.20143
Brown, S. (1997). Estimating biomass and biomass change of tropical forests. FAO, Forestry Paper Rome, Italy, p.134. http://www.fao.org/docrep/w4095e/w4095e00.htm
Cairns, M. A., Brown, S., Helmer, E. H. & Baumgardner, G. A. (1997). Root biomass allocation in the world’s upland forests. Oecologia, 111, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s.004420050201
Curtis, J.T. & McIntosh, R.P. (1950). The interrelations of certain analytic and synthetic phytosociological characters. Ecology, 31, 434-455. https://doi.org/10.2307/1931497
Dangai, Y., Hamawa, Y., Oumarou, Z. H., Fawa, G., Mamah, M. & Mapongmetsem, P .M. (2020). Biophysical and floristic characterizations of Daniellia oliveri agroforestry parks in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Cameroon. International Journal of Applied Research, 6(9), 398-409. https://doi.org/10.22271/allresearch.2020.v6.i9f.7179
Dasylva, M., Ndour, N., & Diallo, A. (2023). Diversity and characteristics of crop production systems in the municipality of Ziguinchor, Senegal. European Scientific Journal, 19(3), 120–147. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2023.v19n3p120
Diatta, U., Ndiaye, O., Diatta, P., Djiba, S. (2018). Characterization and typology of Mangifera indica L.-based orchards in the municipalities of Djinaky, Diouloulou, Kafountine, and Kataba1 (Casamance, Senegal). International Scientific Forum, 312-330. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.c6p20
Dongock, N.D., Mandou, M.M.S., Fawa, G., Dagavounanssou, B. & Mapongmetsem, P.M. (2022). Floristic diversity and carbon stock in the Agrosystem of Persea americana Mill (Lauraceae) in the high Guinean savannahs of the Adamawa Cameroon. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology, 7(3), 46-61. https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.73.6
Etchike, D.A.B., Ngassoum, M.B. & Mapongmetsem, P.M. (2020). Potential of agroforests to combat climate change in the forest-savanna ecotone zone of Cameroon. European Scientific Journal, 16(15), 319-350. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2020.v16n15p319
Fogaing, J.R., Ndonmou, E.C., Fogang, K.M., Tiencheu, A.M.L., Tsalefac, M. (2021). Carbon storage potential of agroforests on the eastern slopes of the Bamboutos Mountains in the Western Highlands of Cameroon. Scientific and Technical Journal of Forestry and Environment in the Congo Basin, 16, 36-49. https://www.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4699504
Fomekong, A. B. T., Momo, S. M. C., Mendi, A. G., Wouokoue, T. J. B., Kenfack, F. S. S., Dong, E.B.A., Djeuni, R.D., Kengne, O.C. (2023). Woody diversity and carbon stock of cocoa-based agroforestry systems in the Makenene locality, Central Region of Cameroon. Cameroon Journal of Experimental Biology, 17(2), 32-39. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/cajeb.V17i2.6
Gnahoré, E., Koné, M., Soro, Y., N’guessan, Y.J., & Bakayoko A. (2020). Effects of anthropization on floristic diversity on the outskirts of Banco National Park, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. Afrique Science, 16(4), 167-180.
GTZ, (1994). General assessment of the environmental situation in the province of Adamawa, MINEF, UNDP, p.107.
Ifo, S.A., Mbemba, M., Koubouana, F. & B. S. (2017). Carbon stock in large woody debris: the case of the tropical rainforests of Likouala, Republic of Congo. European Scientific Journal, 13(12), 384-399. https://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj2017.v13n12p384
IPCC, (2006). Guide for national greenhouse gas inventories; agriculture, forestry, and other land use. Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Japan 4, pp. 46-52. http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/index.htm
Kent, M. & Coker, P. (1992). Vegetation description and analysis: a practical approach. England: John Wiley and Sons Ltd. The Geographical Journal, 159(2), 237-237. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3451427
Kouebou, C., Goygoy, F., Bourou, S., Kosga, D.P., Layla, H., Zenabou, G., Barbi, M., Vunyingah, M., & Woin, N. (2013). Biodiversity and nutritional value of fruits in Cameroon: preliminary observations in the Benoue Division (North Region). Journal of Applied Biosciences, 69, 5510-5522. https://doi.org/10.4314/jab.v69i0.95077
Laflèche, S. (2017). Analysis of the socioeconomic determinants of fruit growing in Menoua - West Region of Cameroon. Thesis. Laval University, Quebec, p.122.
Letouzey, R. (1968). Phytogeographical study of Cameroon, Le Chevalier (Ed.), Paris. p.551.
Manaye, A., Tesfamariam, B., Tesfaye, M., Worku, A., & Guf, Y. (2021). Tree diversity and carbon stocks in agroforestry systems in northern Ethiopia. CarbonBalance and Management, 16(14), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-021-00174-7
Mapongmetsem, P. M., Nkongmeneck, B. A., Rongoumi, G., Dongock, N .D. & Dongmo, B. (2011). Impact of land use systems on the conservation of Vitellaria paradoxa Gaerten. F. (Sapotaceae) in the Sudano-Guinean savannas. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 68(6), 851-872. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2011.587259
Maryo, M., Wolde, A., Negash, M. (2023). Woody species diversity and carbon stock potentials in homegarden agroforestry and other land use systems, northern Ethiopia. Heliyon, 9, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19243
Masibo, M. & He, Q. (2008). Major polyphenols in mango and their potential importance for human health. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 7, 309-319. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-4337.2008.00047.x
Mbow, C., Verstraete, M. M., Sambou, B., Diaw, T. A & Neufeldt, H. (2014). Allometric models for above-ground biomass of trees in the dry savanna of Sudan and the Sudano-Guinean ecosystems of southern Senegal. Journal of Forest Research, 19(3), 340-347. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10310-013-0414-1
Monnier, F. & Piot J. (1964). Grazing problems in Adamaoua (Cameroon). Woods and Forests of the Tropics, 97, 3-16. https://doi.org/10.19182/bft1964.97.a18913
Mori, S. A., Boom, B. M., De Caryauno, A. M. & Dos Santos, T. S. (1983). Southem Bahian moist forest. Botany Review, 49, 155-232. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02861011
Nair, P. K. R. B., Kumar, M., & Nair, V. D. (2009). Agroforestry as a strategy for carbon sequestration. Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 172, 10-23. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.200800030
Ndiaye, S. (2024). Woody flora in cashew-based agroforests in Casamance (Senegal). Territories, Environment and Development Journal, 3 (2), 62-71.
Ndonmou, C. E., Wouokoue, T. B. J., Tankou, C. M., Sime, S. H. C. & Avana, T. L. M. (2022). Contribution of cocoa and coffee agroforests to the conservation of plant biodiversity in the humid savannas of western Cameroon. Cameroon Journal of Experimental Biology, 16(1), 67-75. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/cajeb.V16i1.9
Ngom, D., Camara, B., Sagna, B., & Gomis, D. Z. (2018). Flora, structural parameters, and indicators of anthropization in agroforestry parks with Elaeis guineensis Jacq. in Lower Casamance, Senegal. Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 36(3), 5919-5932.
Nnanga, J.F., Bakor, S.L. & Souare, K. (2023). Floristic analysis and sequestration potential of Anacardium occidentale L. plantations in the departments of Pende and Nya, Eastern Logone Province, Chad. Afrique Science, 23(2), 124-137.
Noiha, N. V., Tongouvda, I., Awe, D. V., Nyeck, B. (2023). Estimation of Species Diversity and Carbon Storage in 5-, 15- and 22-year-old Mango Agroforest (Cameroon). International Journal of Food Science and Agriculture, 7(2), 326-334. https://doi.org/10.26855/ijfsa.2023.06.023
Noiha, N. V., Zapfack, L., Awe D. V., Witanou, N., Nyeck, B., Ngossomo, J. D., Hamadou, M.R., Chimi, C.D. & Tabue, M.R.B. (2017). Floristic structure and sequestration potential of cashew agroecosystems in Africa: a case study from Cameroon. Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 1-27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2017.1296776
Nyasiri, J., Tchobsala, Ibrahima, A., Dongock, N. D. (2019). Exploitation and Sustainable Management of the Biodiversity of the Ngaoundere Cliff (Adamawa-Cameroon). South Asian http://dx.doi.org/10.36346/sarjbab.2019.v01i04.002
Nyombi, K., Van Asten, P. J. A, Leffelaar, P. A., Corbeels, M., Kaizzi, C. K. & Giller, K. E. (2009). Relations allométriques de croissance des bananes des hauts plateaux d'Afrique de l’Est (Musa spp., AAA-EAHB) cv. Kisansa et Mbwazirume. Annals of Applied Biology, 155(3), 403-418. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.2009.00353.x
Pearson, T. & Brown, S. (2005). Guide to measuring and monitoring carbon in forests and grasslands. Winrock International for the United States Agency for International Development. p.39.
Penot, E. & Feintrenie, L. (2014). Agroforestry in humid tropical climates: a diversity of practices to meet specific objectives and local constraints. Bois et Forêts des Tropiques, 321(321), 5-6. https://doi.org/10.19182/bft2014.321.a31212
Piélou, E. C. (1966). Species diversity and pattern diversity in the study of ecological succession. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 10(2), 370-383. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5193(66).90133-0
Piot, J. (1969). Woody plants and pastures of the Adamaoua savannahs in Cameroon. Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry in Tropical Countries, 22(4), 541-559. https://doi.org/10.19182/remvt.7626
Samb, C. O., Diop, A. B., Mbaye, A., Sy, M., Cissé, O., & Faye, E. (2024). Structure and floristic composition of cashew plantations (Anacardium occidentale L.) according to toposequence in the department of Foundiougne (Fatick, Senegal). Ecosystems and Landscapes Journal, 4(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.59384/reco-pays.tg4111
Samb, C. O., Touré, M. A., Faye, E., Ba Halimatou, S., Diallo, A. M., Badiane, S. & Sanogo, D. (2018). Sociodemographic, structural, and agronomic characteristics of cashew plantations (Anacardium occidentale L.) in the Groundnut Basin and Casamance/Senegal. Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 38(3), 6307-6325. Shannon, C. W. W. (1948). A mathematical theory of community. The Bell System Technical Journal, 27, pp. 379-423, 623-656.
Tchotsoua, M. & Gonne, B. (2009). From socio-economic crises to environmental crises in the Adamaoua Highlands, Cameroon. African savannas in development: innovating for sustainability, Garoua, Cameroon, p.9. https://hal.science/cirad-00471335v1
Temgoua, L. F., Dongmo, W., Nguimdo, V., Nguena, C. (2018). Woody diversity and carbon stock of cocoa-based agroforestry systems in eastern Cameroon: the case of the teaching and research forest of the University of Dschang. Journal of Applied Biosciences, 122, 12274-12286. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jab.v122i1.7
Temgoua, L. F., Momo, S. M. C. & Boucheké, R. K (2019). Floristic diversity of woody plants in cocoa agroforestry systems in coastal Cameroon: the case of the Loum district. European Scientific Journal, 15(9), 62-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2019.v15n9p62
Thiam, O., Sagna, M.B., Diallo, A. Sarr, O., Ndiaye, D., Guisse, A. (2020). Biodiversity and structure of woody plants in the Maka Diama classified forest in the Senegal River delta. European Scientific Journal, 16(21), 269-289. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2020.v16n21p269
Warren, W. & Olsen, P. (1964). A line intersect technique for assessing logging waste. Forest Science, 10(3), 267-276. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/10.3.267
Yonkeu, S. (1993). Vegetation of the Adamaoua pastures (Cameroon): Ecology and pastoral potential. Doctoral thesis. University of Rennes I, France, pp.207.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Agriculture and Environmental Science Academy
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
