A review on phytochemistry, traditional uses, and pharmacological potential of Morinda citrifolia (Noni)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2025.1004021Keywords:
Anthraquionines, Chemical constituents, Morinda citrifolia, Nutraceutical, PharmacologicalAbstract
For centuries, the noni plant (Morinda citrifolia) has been a cornerstone of traditional medicine across Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands, used to treat a vast array of ailments. Today, this tropical fruit has captured global attention, moving from ancient remedies to modern health food stores. This review paper critically evaluates the science behind the hype, exploring noni's rich phytochemical makeup and its promising pharmacological potential. The paper compiles evidence showing that nearly 200 beneficial compounds including anthraquinones, flavonoid, and iridoids have been identified in different parts of the noni plant. These compounds contribute to a broad spectrum of biological activities. Research suggest that noni and its extracts possess anticancer (significant inhibition of breast, lung and colon cancer), anti-microbial (inhibition of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus), analgesic (162-212% increased pain tolerance in rodents), anti-inflammatory, cardio-protective, and blood-sugar-lowering (hypoglycemic) properties. While the historical use and a growing body of preclinical studies are compelling, the authors conclude that high quality clinical trials are limited. Such research is crucial to confirm its effectiveness, establish proper dosage, and ensure long-term safety. This review concludes that, with the unique combination of historical value, nutritional richness, and diverse therapeutic potential, noni stands as an invaluable resource for the future of nutraceuticals and modern medicine while well designed human trials must establish clinical efficacy, optimal dosage, and sustained safety in humans.
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