Impact of changing environmental scenario on biodiversity of mangrove forest of Sundarbans Delta Region, India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2022.0704012Keywords:
Biodiversity, Climate change, Mangrove Forest, SundarbansAbstract
Sundarbans is the world’s largest contiguous mangrove forest and is a designated world
heritage site, shared by India and Bangladesh, it is home to several species including tigers. The habitat supports approximately 4.37 million people. Mangrove ecosystem is a unique, fragile, highly productive ecosystem in the sea-land interphase, is the conglomerations of plants, animals and microorganisms acclimatized in the fluctuating environment of tropical intertidal zone. This ecosystem is a highly valued ecosystem in terms of economy, environment and ecology. This mangrove ecosystem of Indian subcontinent is well known not only for the aerial extent, but also for the species diversity. The biodiversity of Sundarbans includes numerous species of phytoplankton, zooplankton, microorganisms, benthic invertebrates, molluscs, amphibians and mammals. As per the research conducted it is believed that the Sundarbans have soaked in 4.15 crore tonnes of carbon dioxide. But the scenario has been changed during past few decades. Due to climate change the Sundarbans faces several challenges. Recorded data shows that a huge number of flora and fauna were compelled to be eliminated due to the consequences of climate change during the last century. Climate change components that affect mangroves and its inhabitants include changes in sea-level, high-water events, storminess, precipitation, temperature, atmospheric CO2 concentration and ocean circulation patterns. The study was conducted to identify the threats on the diversity and its effect on the socio-economic condition of the local community. With risk of the Sundarbans submerging, there is an urgent need for global reduction of emissions and replacement of fossil fuels with renewable energy.
Downloads
References
Aksornkoae, S., Paphavasit, N., & Wattayakorn, G. (1993). Mangroves of Thailand: Present status of conservation, use and management. International Tropical Timber Organisation, Japan International Association for Mangroves and International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems. Okinawa, Japan.
Alongi, D. M. (1996). The Dynamics of Benthic Nutrient Pools and Fluxes in Tropical Mangrove Forests. Journal of Marine Research, 54: 123-148.
Bahuguna, A., Nayak, S., & Roy, D. (2008). Impact of the tsunami and earthquake of 26th December 2004 on the vital coastal ecosystems of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands assessed using RESOURCESAT AWIFS data, International Journal of Applied Earth Observation Geoinformation,10: 229-237.
Bandaranayake, W. M., (1998) Traditional and medicinal uses of mangroves. Mangroves Marshes. 2: 133-148.
Blasco, F. (1975). The mangroves of India. Institute Francais Pondicherry. Travaux Section Scientific Technologies, 1: 1-175.
Blasco, F., Caratini, C., Chandra, S., & Thanikaimani, G. (1977). Main characteristics of Indian mangroves. Proc. Int. Symp Biol Mgt Mangroves, Honolulu, 1: 71-87.
Blasco, F. (1984). In Mangrove Ecosystem: Climatic factors and the biology of mangrove plants Research Methods (eds Snedaker, S.C. and Snedaker, J. G.), UNESCO, Paris.
Clark, M. W. (1998) Management implications of metal transfer pathways from a refuse tip to mangrove sediments. Science of the Total Environment, 222: 1-2, 17-34.
Cornejo, R. H., Koedam, N., Luna, A. R., Troell, M & Guebas, F. D. (2005). Remote Sensing and Ethnobotanical Assessment of the Mangrove Forest Changes in the Navachiste-San Ignacio- Mecapule Lagoon Complex, Sinaloa, Mexico. Ecology and Society, 10 (1), 16-24.
Datta, D., Chattopadhyay, R. N., & Guha, P. (2012). Community based mangrove management: A review on status and sustainability. Journal of Environmental Management, 107: 84-95.
Danda A. A., Sriskanthan G., & Ghosh, A. (2011). Indian Sundarban delta a vision. Copyright WWF-India, New Delhi. 1- 40.
FAO Forestry (2010). Global Forest Resources Assessment. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
Forest Survey of India, (2013). State of Forest Report, Forest Survey of India, Dehradun, India.
Gopinath, G. & Seralathan, P. (2005). Rapid coastal erosion of the Sagar Island, West Bengal, Environmental Geology, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 48, 8, 1058-1067.
Guha Bakshi, D. N., Sanyal, P., & Naskar, K. R. (2000). Sundarbans Mangal, Naya Prokash, Calcutta, 20–89.
Giesen, W., Wulffraat, S., Zieren, M., & Scholten L. (2006) Mangrove Guidebook for Southeast Asia Bangkok; Rap publication Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Regional Office for Asia and the pacific, 769.
Guebas, FD., Hettiarachchi, S., Seen, DL., Batelaan, O., & Sooriyarachchi S, et al. (2005). Transitions in ancient inland freshwater resource management in Sri Lanka affect biota and human populations in and around coastal lagoons. Current Biology, 15: 579-586.
Guebas, F. D., Mathenge, C., Kairo, J. G., & Koedam N. (2000). Utilization of mangrove wood products around mida creek (Kenya) amongst subsistence and commercial users. Economic Botany, 54: 513-527.
Hazra, S., Ghosh T., Dasgupta R. and Gautam S. (2002) Sea level and associated changes in the Sundarbans, Science and Culture, 68, 9-12, pp. 309-321.
Kathiresan, K & Bongham, B. L. (2001) Biology of Mangroves and Mangrove Ecosystems, Advances in Marine Biology, 40: 81-251.
Khosla, A. (2010). How Does the Impact on Climate Change Affect the Biodiversity Loss? WWF in India. Proceedings of 9th Asia- Europe (9THAEC-NET) Conference, Gurgaon NCR of Delhi, India .12 -16 NOV, 1-11.
Liang, S., Zhou, R., Dong, S. S., & Shi., S. H. (2008). Adaptation to salinity in Mangroves: Implication on the evolution of salt-tolerance. SP Sci China Press, China. Chinese Science Bulletin, 53: 1708-1715.
Pattanaik, C., Reddy, C. S., & Dhal, N. K. (2008). Phytomedicinal study of coastal sand dune species of Orissa. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 7: 263-268.
Rahaman M. R, Asaduzzaman June-December (2010) Ecology of Sundarban, Bangladesh, J. ournal of Science Foundation, 8(1&2): ISSN-1728-7855. 35-47.
Shaikh, M. H. A, Srivastava, R. K. (2013) Status of mangrove conservation and management in Karnataka: In Mangroves in India: their biology and uses, 38, 71-78.
Singh, O. P. (2007). Long-term trends in the frequency of severe cyclones of Bay of Bengal: observations and simulations. Mausam, 58(1), 59-66.
Spaulding, M, Kainuma, M, & Collins, L. (2010) World Atlas of mangroves, London, Earthscan.
Wells, S., Ravilious, C., & Corcoran, E. (2006) In the Front Line: Shoreline Protection and other Ecosystem Services from Mangroves and Coral Reefs. UNEP/ Earthprint, England.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Agriculture and Environmental Science Academy
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
