Plant growth and phosphate uptake of two leafy vegetables (Trigonella sp. and Spinacia sp.) as influenced by phosphate solubilizing fungi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2025.100401Keywords:
Biomass, Leafy vegetables, Plant phosphorus, Solubilization index, Titrable acidityAbstract
The present work was focused on improving the growth and phosphate uptake in leafy vegetables by supplying phosphate bioinoculants. A total of 41 isolates from 50 rhizospheric soil samples were isolated through the serial dilution method by Pikovskaya’s medium. Among them 6 PSF with maximum solubilization index (3.08 to 3.86) selected and further evaluated. They showed good results in decreased pH (4.0 to 3.1 from an initial pH of 6.89), titrable acidity (30.16g/L to 38.08g/L), and phosphate concentration in culture broth (60µg to 25µg). Isolate PSF 39 showed maximum plant height (7.8cm at 15 days after sowing and 10.1cm at harvest), root length (5.5cm), biomass (2.11g of fresh weight and 1.01g of dry weight), leafy vegetable weight (2.01g), plant phosphorus uptake (0.393%) and available P in rhizosphere soil (346.96Kg/ha) in Trigonella sp. PSF 38 produced the most plant height (15.7cm at 15 days after sowing and 30.6cm at harvest), root length (10.9cm), biomass (11.23g fresh weight and 3.82g dry weight), leafy vegetable weight (10.32g), plant phosphorus uptake (0.369%) and available P in rhizosphere soil (346.29 Kg/ha) in Spinacia sp. From the results, the PSF inoculants can be recommended as phosphate solubilizers in the agricultural field as able to promote plant growth in leafy vegetables.
Downloads
References
Aadesh, Sharma, R., Jadoun, S. S., Tomar, A. & Parmar, K. (2024). Effect of rate of biofertilizers on growth and development of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). BIO Web of Conferences 110, 04006. ICRAHOR 2024. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202411004006
Amit, A., Kumari, N., Lal, S., & Sinha, A. (2021). Isolation and identification of phosphate solubilizing fungus from soil, Research and Reviews: Journal of Agriculture and Allied Sciences, 10(3), 1–8.
Aneja, K. R. (2007). Experiments in microbiology, plant pathology and biotechnology (4th ed., pp. 157–162). New Age International Publishers.
Boori, P. K., Shivran, A. C., Giana, G. K., Jat, M. L., Yadav, G., & Meena, S. (2017). Growth and production potential of fenugreek as influenced by intercropping systems and Sulphur levels. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 6(4), 1945-1949.
Booth, C. (1971). The genus Fusarium (Illustrated ed.). Commonwealth Mycological Institute.
Doilom, M., Guo, J-W., Phookamsak, R., Mortimer, P. E., Karunarathna, S. C., Dong, W., Liao, C-F., Yan, K., Pem, D., Suwannarach, N., Promputtha, I., Lumyong, S., & Xu, J. C. (2020). Screening of phosphate-solubilizing fungi from air and soil in Yunnan, China: Four Novel Species in Aspergillus, Gongronella, Penicillium, and Talaromyces. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11, 585215. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.585215
Elfiati, D., Delvian., Susilowati, A., Rizki, N. W. Y., Harahap, A. F. M., & Hidayat, A. (2021). Morphological identification of phosphate solubilizing and cellulolytic fungi from mangrove soil under Rhizophora stylosa stands, IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 912, 1 – 6. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/912/1/012052
Funder, S. (1961). Practical mycology manual for identification of fungi. A. W. BroggersBoktrykkari A/S.
Hefnawy, M. A., Gharieb, M. M., Omima, A., Eissa, Asmaa, M. A., & Ammar. (2017). Enhancing of rock phosphate solubility and plant availability in clay soil through inoculation of the rock with phosphate solubilizing fungal cultures. Journal of Innovations in Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, 4(1), 17–24.
KarunaiSelvi, B., John Paul, J. A., Ravindran, A. D., & Vijaya, V. (2011). Quantitative estimation of insoluble inorganic phosphate solubilization. International Journal of Science and Nature, 2(2), 292–295.
Khan, M. S., Zaidi, A., Ahemad, M., Oves, M., & Wani, P. A. (2010). Plant growth promotion by phosphate solubilizing fungi – Current perspective. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 56(1), 73–98.
Khan, R., & Gupta, A. K. (2015). Screening and optimization of organic acid producers from mine areas of Chhattisgarh Region, India. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 4(2), 103–111.
Khedkar, I., Sharma, R. K., Kushwah, S. S., & Gallani, R. (2023). Effect of varieties and nutrient levels on growth, quality and nutrient uptake of palak (Beta vulgaris var. Bengalensis). The Pharma Innovation Journal, 12(10), 1787 – 1791.
Kinjal, G. B. & Pandya, T. P. (2022) A Review: Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms and their role in plant growth promotion, International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 10(6), 775 – 784.
Mahadevamurthy, M., Channappa, T. M., Sidappa, M., Raghupathi, M. S., & Nagaraj, A. K. (2016). Isolation of phosphate solubilizing fungi from rhizosphere soil and its effect on seed growth parameters of different crop plants. Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, 4(6), 22–26.
Mahantesh, P., & Patil, C. S. (2011). Isolation and biochemical characterization of phosphate solubilizing microbes. International Journal of Microbiology Research, 3(1), 67–70.
Mayadunna, N., Karunarathna, S. C., Asad, S., Stephenson, S. L., Elgorban, A. M., Al-Rejaie, S., Kumla, J., Yapa, N., & Suwannarach, N. (2023). Isolation of Phosphate-Solubilizing Microorganisms and the Formulation of Biofertilizer for Sustainable Processing of Phosphate Rock. Life, 13, 782. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/life13030782
Nasr, S. H., Mousa, A. S. M., Yasser, M. M., & Marzouk, M. A. (2021). Antagonistic potential of some phosphate solubilizing fungi against some phyto – pathogenic fungi, Beni-suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 10, 70, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43088-021-0015-y
Nayak, S. R., Panigrahi, M. R., & Gupta, N. (2017). Beneficial impact of phosphate solubilizing fungi on growth of Saracaasoca (Roxb.) de Willd. Under nursery condition. An International Journal of Tropical Plant Research, 4(2), 242–245.
Nisha, K., Padma Devi, S. N., Vasandha, S., & Sunitha Kumari, K. (2014). Role of phosphorous solubilizing microorganisms to eradicate P-deficiency in plants: A review. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 4(7), 1–5.
Padmavathi, T., & Usha, S. (2012). Phosphate-solubilizing microbes and their occurrence in the rhizospheres of Piper betel in Karnataka, India. Turkish Journal of Biology, 36, 25–35.
Pandey, P., & Bala, N. (2016). Nutritional analysis of leafy vegetables grown in periphery of Allahabad District, UP, India. International Journal of Science and Research, 5(11), 1179–1183.
Pant, G., & Agrawal, P. K. (2014). Isolation and characterization of indole acetic acid producing plant growth promoting rhizobacteria from rhizospheric soil of Withania somnifera. Journal of Biological and Scientific Opinion, 2(6), 377–383.
Ponmurugan, P., & Gopi, C. (2006). In vitro production of growth regulators of phosphatase activity by phosphate solubilizing bacteria. African Journal of Biotechnology, 5, 348–350.
Rathod, A. D., Modhvadia, J. M., & Sabhaya, N. J. (2023). Effect of plant growth regulators on growth and yield of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). The Pharma Innovation Journal, 12(12), 3589-3592.
Sane, S. A., & Mehta, S. K. (2015). Isolation and evaluation of rock phosphate solubilizing fungi as potential biofertilizer. Journal of Fertilizers and Pesticides, 6(2), 1–6.
Sharmila, D., & Rebecca, L. J. (2021). Study of Influence of Vermicompost on the Growth Parameters of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum groecum) Seeds. Indian Journal of Advanced Botany, 1(1), 22 – 25.
Silva, L., Pereira, M. C., Carvalho, AMXd., Buttrós, V. H., Pasqual, M., & Dória, J. (2023). Phosphorus solubilizing microorganisms: A key to sustainable agriculture. Agriculture, 13, 462. https://doi.org/10.3390 agriculture13020462
Sunitha, M., Vidya, G., Srinivas, J., Shahanaz. & Sheker, B. C. (2025). Study of integrated nutrient management on growth of palak (Beta vulgaris var. bangalensis) variety Arka Anupama under shade net conditions. International Journal of Research in Agronomy, 8(1), 442-446. https://doi.org/10.33545/2618060X.2025.v8.i1f.2442
Tomer, S., Suyal, D. C., Shukla, A., Rajwar, J., Yadav, A., Shouche, Y., & Goel, R. (2017). Isolation and characterization of phosphate solubilizing bacteria from Western Indian Himalayan soils. Biotechnology, 7, 95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-017-0738-1
Verma, A., & Ekka, A. (2015). Assessment of phosphate solubilizing potential of fungal isolates from soils of three blocks of Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India. Journal of Ravishankar University-B, 28(2), 44–50.
Wang, X., Wang, C., Sui, J., Liu, Z., Li, Q., Ji, C., Song, X., Hu, Y., Wang, C., Sa, R., Zhang, J., Du, J., & Liu, X. (2018). Isolation and characterization of phosphofungi, and screening of their plant growth-promoting activities. AMB Express, 8, 63. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-018-0593-4
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Agriculture and Environmental Science Academy
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
